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With a name of Mehmed the Conquereror I suppose he could put the minarets where he wanted! Great pictures with some history on top for good measure, well done, very interesting indeed .P.Istanbul - day 2 - the Hagia Sophia.
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This is one of the most impressive things I have seen in my life. It opened its doors for business on the 27 of December in 537. Commissioned by the emperor Justinian to replace the previous church on the site - burned down in the Nika riots - which were mostly his fault, incidentally. Considered to be the epitome of Byzantine architecture - it was the biggest religious building in the world for a thousand years and changed architecture forever. It was overtaken by Seville cathedral in the 16th century. The name normally translates as the church of 'holy' or 'saintly wisdom.' The building has had four distinct eras in its life - Christian basilica - seat of the Patriarch of the Eastern church - nearly 700 years, a Catholic cathedral after the fourth crusade - a brief six decades, a mosque for nearly 500 years and then as a museum after the founding of the Turkish Republic in !935.
Picture 1 - The minarets were added by Mehmed the Conqueror when he took the city in 1453.
Picture 2 - The discs you can see are from the time of the building being a mosque - they are passages from the Koran in Kufic script. At the bottom left is the mihrab - where the imam would deliver the prayers.
Picture 3 - The dome - architecturally the most impressive thing about the building. Let's remember this was constructed in the 6th century. The space created and the use of light is still staggering. The detail at the top is Muslim - again Kufic script - below are representations of the archangels from the Christian period. I remember writing an essay in which I mentioned the building and citing an account from a traveler that visited in the 7th century. He spoke of the dome seemingly hovering above you - 'it must be anchored to heaven by a chain.' That's still the impression you get.
Amusingly enough - neither of the architects that designed the structure were Christian - or indeed architects. They were Greek mathematicians and all-round philosopher types.
If you have got this far, thank you for reading. I'll come back to this building tomorrow. Yours - I.
@Floid_Maniac @William Dobson
You guys a blowing my alleged mind. Great, great stuff.Istanbul - day 2 - the Hagia Sophia.
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This is one of the most impressive things I have seen in my life. It opened its doors for business on the 27th of December in 537. Commissioned by the emperor Justinian to replace the previous church on the site - burned down in the Nika riots - which were mostly his fault, incidentally. Considered to be the epitome of Byzantine architecture - it was the biggest religious building in the world for a thousand years and changed architecture forever. It was overtaken by Seville cathedral in the 16th century. The name normally translates as the church of 'holy' or 'saintly wisdom.' The building has had four distinct eras in its life - Christian basilica - seat of the Patriarch of the Eastern church - nearly 700 years, a Catholic cathedral after the fourth crusade - a brief six decades, a mosque for nearly 500 years and then as a museum after the founding of the Turkish Republic in !935.
Picture 1 - The minarets were added by Mehmed the Conqueror when he took the city in 1453.
Picture 2 - The discs you can see are from the time of the building being a mosque - they are passages from the Koran in Kufic script. At the bottom left is the mihrab - where the imam would deliver the prayers.
Picture 3 - The dome - architecturally the most impressive thing about the building. Let's remember this was constructed in the 6th century. The space created and the use of light is still staggering. The detail at the top is Muslim - again Kufic script - below are representations of the archangels from the Christian period. I remember writing an essay in which I mentioned the building and citing an account from a traveler that visited in the 7th century. He spoke of the dome seemingly hovering above you - 'it must be anchored to heaven by a chain.' That's still the impression you get.
Amusingly enough - neither of the architects that designed the structure were Christian - or indeed architects. They were Greek mathematicians and all-round philosopher types.
If you have got this far, thank you for reading. I'll come back to this building tomorrow. Yours - I.
@Floid_Maniac @William Dobson
With a name of Mehmed the Conquereror I suppose he could put the minarets where he wanted! Great pictures with some history on top for good measure, well done, very interesting indeed .P.
The light in picture 3 is just wonderful and I see what you are saying regarding the hands, rarther odd. Very interesting indeed.Istanbul - Day 3 - Hagia Sophia - details -
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Picture 1 - it was once assumed that the materials for the Hagia Sophia were scavenged from various places but this was not the case. It was imported from around the empire but especially for the building. The variety of polychrome marble and porphyry is stunning. The floor was originally carpeted. During construction Justinian was well on his way to retaking Rome and Italy - well he wasn't, his general Belisarius did the actual fighting. A military genius - he made short work of the Ostrogoths. For his trouble Justinian had him jailed on trumped up corruption charges. There's gratitude for you.
Picture 2 - just to the left of this is the grave marker of Doge Enrico Dandolo - it's not his actual grave, nobody knows where it was sited. Dandolo orchestrated the sack of Constantinople in 1204 - one of the most shameful events in medieval history. The Venetians were contracted to transport the crusaders to the middle east but couldn't raise the money so were diverted to do the Venetian's dirty work. Their trading concessions were under threat being the reason. Dandolo died a year after the Latins took the city and they had the hubris to bury him in the basilica - the Greeks had the last laugh though, when they regained the city they dug up his body and fed his bones to stray dogs. The actual grave was destroyed by the Ottomans - which is why nobody knows where it is.
Picture 3 - detail of the 13th century Deesis mosaic. It's of the Christ Pantocrater type - Orthodox religious art was - and still is to a large degree - highly formulaic, they didn't go in for innovation much. The positioning of the hands and fingers have specific meaning if you know how to read them. In this case - entreaty. I was never sure why Byzantine artists were so rubbish at hands - we'll return to this in a later post. The reason why the piece survived at all is thanks to the Muslim Ottomans - they were in the habit of simply plastering over them when they converted churches to mosques. Islam isn't good with figurative art.
Picture 4 - The precincts of the Hagia Sophia are littered with sundry bits of carved panels, columns and that sort of thing. Anywhere else in the world someone would put them in a museum. Not here - they aren't short of history in the city.
Thank you for reading - cheers - I.
God is in the details. Great stuff.Istanbul - Day 3 - Hagia Sophia - details -
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Picture 1 - it was once assumed that the materials for the Hagia Sophia were scavenged from various places but this was not the case. They were imported from around the empire and specifically for the building. The variety of polychrome marble and porphyry is stunning. The floor was originally carpeted. During construction Justinian was well on his way to retaking Rome and Italy - well he wasn't, his general Belisarius did the actual fighting. A military genius - he made short work of the Ostrogoths. For his trouble Justinian had him jailed on trumped up corruption charges. There's gratitude for you.
Picture 2 - just to the left of this is the grave marker of Doge Enrico Dandolo - it's not his actual grave, nobody knows where it was sited. Dandolo orchestrated the sack of Constantinople in 1204 - one of the most shameful events in medieval history. The Venetians were contracted to transport the crusaders to the middle east but couldn't raise the money so they were diverted to do the Venetian's dirty work. Their trading concessions were under threat being the reason. Dandolo died a year after the Latins took the city and they had the hubris to bury him in the basilica - the Greeks had the last laugh though, when they regained the city they dug up his body and fed his bones to stray dogs. The actual grave was destroyed by the Ottomans - which is why nobody knows where it is.
Picture 3 - detail of the 13th century Deesis mosaic. It's of the Christ Pantocrater type - Orthodox religious art was - and still is to a large degree - highly formulaic, they didn't go in for innovation much. The positioning of the hands and fingers have specific meaning if you know how to read them. In this case - entreaty. I was never sure why Byzantine artists were so rubbish at hands - we'll return to this in a later post. The reason why the piece survived at all is thanks to the Muslim Ottomans - they were in the habit of simply plastering over them when they converted churches to mosques. Islam isn't good with figurative art.
Picture 4 - The precincts of the Hagia Sophia are littered with sundry bits of carved panels, columns and that sort of thing. Anywhere else in the world someone would put them in a museum. Not here - they aren't short of history in the city.
Thank you for reading - cheers - I.
I'm running out of superlatives, for Christ sake!Istanbul - Day 5 - The Blue Mosque
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Picture 1 -
Actually correctly called the Sultan Ahmed mosque- after Ahmed the first, who commissioned its construction - most people call it the Blue mosque because of the colour scheme of the decoration, you're going to have to take my word for this. It was completed in 1616 - late for a mosque firmly of the Ottoman classical tradition. Perhaps no great surprise - the guy in charge of design and construction, Mehmed Aga, was trained by Sinan. The greatest of Ottoman mosque architects. If you are keen eyed you might be thinking - is that an Egyptian obelisk in the foreground? That's exactly what it is. The open ground in front of the mosque was the site of Constantine's hippodrome. They put various interesting things brought - well stolen - from around the empire and laid them along the 'spina' - the central line of the track. It was made in roughly 1500 bce near Aswan. Constantine originally sent one to Rome - where it still is - and one to Alexandria. It was Theodesius who moved it to its present site around 400 ce - amusingly enough they broke it in transit, it's shorter than it was originally. Finally - the building has six minarets. No great problem you would of thought - but at the time so did the Grand mosque in Mecca. To emulate that would be seen as - at best - hubris, if not down right impiety. When this was pointed out to Ahmed - he came up with a genius solution - we'll pay for a seventh in Mecca. Seven there are to this day.
Picture 2 -
The main prayer hall - it's difficult to show the sense of space created and the exquisite use of light built in by the architect.The men in the far ground are doing optional prayers. Non muslims are not allowed in during the five mandatory attendances for salah each day. Fair enough.
Picture 3 -
Roof detail. As is commonly understood, Islam generally doesn't do figurative art - but this has been slightly deviated from here - the hand-painted Iznik tiles go from strictly geometrical and abstract to feature vegetal and fruit patterns. Iznik tiles were considered the finest in the Ottoman world for decorating mosques - the Greeks used to call the place Nicaea, a lovely irony if you know your early church history.
Picture 4 -
Man at prayer, it's this sort of picture that reminds me of why I still use rangefinder film cameras. They are not far off silent in operation. I would have been horrified if I had upset him in his devotional duties but I needed a figure to anchor the picture. Try it yourself, put your thumb over the guy and see what happens to the composition - it falls apart. Leicas - I also use modern Voigtlanders - are discrete and intimate when taking pictures in this sort of situation. Few other types of camera allow this.
If you have got this far - thank you for looking and reading. Don't worry, the end is in sight. Tomorrow will be the last post in this thread by me. Anybody else is welcome to add to it. cheers - I.
@Floid_Maniac @William Dobson @Rufus
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